2006 年 08 月 11 日, 星期五
TUXEDO培训教材（下）
TUXEDO培训教材（下）第3节 TUXEDO管理监控工具的使用
3.1 应用程序启动、关闭必须要准备的步骤(preliminary steps)
Ø 环境变量TUXDIR,APPDIR,TUXCONFIG,PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH必需被设定。其他变量可以在ENVFILE中定义。
Ø The TUXCONFIG 文件必须要在MASTER machine 中创建好。
Ø BEA TUXEDO 系统软件和应用软件必须在所有machine中存在。
Ø The TLOG 设备必须要在所有的机器上创建好（如果要使用TUXEDO的全局事务机制）。
Ø 为了使应用的多台machine之间能够通讯，一个listener进程必须要在所有的machine中起来。（针对MP架构的应用）
3.2 创建TUXCONFIG配置文件
TUXEDO配置文件，由ASCII文件，执行tmloadcf命令生成BINARY的TUXEDO系统要读取的配置文件。
tmloadcf – c 计算UBBCONFIG文件要利用IPC资源，而不是创建TUXCONFIG
－n 检查配置文件是否有语法错误。
－y 覆盖已存在的tuxconfig文件。
dmloadcf 生成DMCONFIG文件(用与多个域之间管理的配置文件)
3.3 启动应用(tmboot 命令的介绍)
对于一个小的应用，缺省的启动顺序就已经满足，但是对于大的应用，为了节省启动时间，建立采用非正常的启动顺序。
tmboot 用来启动BEA TUXEDO应用，创建必要的IPC资源。它有多个选项参数，这些参数大多与启动一个partial system有关。这些选项有：
-A 只启动TUXEDO的管理进程（BBL,DBBL）
-M 只启动MASTER上的管理进程
-g grpname 启动指定组名的服务进程
-I srvid 启动指定ID的SERVER
-S 启动所有应用进程(相对于TUXEDO管理进程)
-s server-name 启动指定server名的服务进程
-c 打印系统所需的最小的IPC资源（跟tmloadcf –c 参数相同）
-w 在启动另外一个服务进程，不要等待当前启动的server初始话完毕。
-y 没有提示，启动所有服务进程
3.4 关闭应用(tmshutdown 命令介绍)
tmshutdown用来关闭BEA TUXEDO应用，并释放IPC资源。它的很多选项与tmboot相同。下面就是有关tmshutdown的选项的介绍。
-c 即使有客户端连接在BB上，也强行关闭BBL进程
-w delay 等到delay秒后关闭服务进程
在关闭一个应用中可能遇到的问题
(1) 问题:不能关闭具有客户端连接的服务进程
解决办法:使用-c参数
(2) 问题：不能关闭一个被挂起的进程
解决办法:使用-w 0参数
注意：无论启动还是关闭应用，都必须在MASTER MACHINE中进行。
3.5 命令行管理(tmadmin)
3.5.1 tmadmin 命令
在MASTER MACHINE中，执行tmadmin命令，进入到管理的交互式界面。
tmadmin –v 显示TUXEDO的版本号和license号
tmadmin –c 进入配置模式的管理sesstion
3.5.2 常见的管理命令的解释
Ø help(h) 查看所能使用的管理命令
Ø help(h) command 查看指定命令的使用方法
Ø default (d) 为其他命令设置默认参数
default -m site1 将管理的对象设成site1 LMID
default –m * 解除缺省
Ø dump(du) filename 将当前的Bulletin Board 下载到指定的文件
Ø echo (e) 显示命令的输入行
Ø pageinate(page) 按页显示命令输出
Ø quit(q) 退出当前管理session
Ø verbose(v) 将命令输出以详细信息格式显示
Ø ! shlcmd 退出到shell执行特定的shell命令
Ø !! 重复前一个shell command
Ø <RETURN> 回车重复上一次tmadmin命令
Ø psr [-m machine] [-g groupname] [-i srvid] [-q qaddress]
-m machine LMID为 machine的所有服务进程
-g groupname 组名为groupname的所有服务进程
-I srvid SRVID为srvid的服务进程
-q qaddress 消息队列为qaddress的所有SERVERS
查看server的信息
Prog Name Queue Name Grp Name ID RqDone Load Done Current Servic
BBL 123456 SITE1 0 0 0 ( IDLE )
WSL 00001.00001 GROUP1 1 0 0 ( IDLE )
A01100 00002.00011 GROUP2 11 46 2300 ( IDLE )
显示的结果包括:
l Prog Name 程序名
l Queue Name 消息队列名,如果没有指定名称，则消息队列的名称的规则为“5为GRPNO.5位SRVID”，不足5位前补0。在SHM模式中，BBL的消息队列名是RESOUCES Section 的IPCKEY
的值。在MP模式，DBBL的消息队列名是RESOUCES Section 的IPCKEY的值。
l Grp Name SERVER所在的组
l ID SERVER的ID号
l RqDone SERVER 被调用的次数
l Load Done 负载量(该SERVER的所有service的负载因子总和)
l Current Service 当前正在被调用的service名称。如果当前没有service被调用，则为IDLE
Ø psc [-m machine] [-g groupname] [-I srvid] [-q qaddress]
[-s service] [-a {0|1|2}]
-s service 显示名为sevice的service信息
-a {0|1|2} 显示系统的隐含的service
其他参数与psr命令相同
查看service的信息
Service Name Routine Name Prog Name Grp Name ID Machine # Done Status
------------ ------------ --------- -------- -- ------- ------ ------
A0110025 A0110025 A01100 GROUP2 11 SITE1 2 AVAIL
l Service Name :服务名
l Routine Name :函数名(采用TUXEDO服务的别名机制,一个函数可以对应多个服务名)
l Prog Name :service 所在的SERVER名
l Grp Name :组名
l ID ：server的ID号
l Machine :server所在的LMID
l # Done ：service被调用的次数
l Status :service的状态。AVAIL表示可用
Ø bbstats(bbs)
打印BB的统计信息
Current Bulletin Board Status:
Current number of servers: 63
Current number of services: 936
Current number of request queues: 62
Current number of server groups: 12
Ø printclient (pclt) [-m machine] [-u usrname] [-c cltname]
显示client端连接的情况
-m machine 显示LMID号为machine上的客户端连接
-u usrname 显示用户名为usename 的客户端连接
-c ctlname 显示用户进程为ctlname的客户端连接
显示结果
LMID User Name Client Name Time Status Bgn/Cmmt/Abrt
------------ --------- --------------- -------- ------- -------------
SITE1 cpic WSH 17:50:42 IDLE 0/0/0
SITE1 cpic WSH 17:50:42 IDLE 0/0/0
SITE1 cpic tmadmin 0:10:36 IDLE 0/0/0
l LMID 逻辑机器名
l UerName 用户名
l Client Name 客户进程名
l Time 客户进程处在Staus的时间
l Status IDLE/BUSY
l Bgn/Cmmt/Abrt the num of transaction begun/commited/aborted
Ø printqueue (pq) [qaddress]
显示消息队列的信息
qaddress 消息队列名称
Prog Name Queue Name # Serve Wk Queued # Queued Ave. Len Machine
--------- ----------- --------- -------- -------- -------
A00000 A00000_q 2 0 0 0.0 SITE1
输出结果说明:
l Prog Name :消息队列对应的可执行文件名
l Queue Name :消息队列名
l #Serve :连接到消息队列的SERVER数
l Wk Queued :消息队列的当前负载量
l Queued :消息队列的当前实际请求数
l Ave.Len :消息队列的平均长度
l Machine :逻辑机器名
Ø printnet (pnw) [mach_list]
site1 Connected To: msgs sent msgs received
site2 28 54
site2 Connected To: msgs sent msgs received
site1 55 29
打印当前系统的网络连接情况。
Ø bbparms
打印BB的主要参数配置
Bulletin Board Parameters:
MAXSERVERS: 150
MAXSERVICES: 32000
MAXACCESSERS: 160
MAXGTT: 100
MAXCONV: 64
MAXBUFTYPE: 16
MAXBUFSTYPE: 32
IPCKEY: 123456
MASTER: SITE1
MODEL: SHM
LDBAL: Y
SCANUNIT: 10
SANITYSCAN: 12
DBBLWAIT: 2
BBLQUERY: 30
BLOCKTIME: 18
Shared Memory ID: 303
3.6 TUXEDO WEB-GUI管理工具
1) 启动 tuxwsvr
$tuxwsvr –l //machine:port –i ${TUXDIR}/udataobj/tuxwsvr.ini
Example:
$ tuxwsvr –l //127.0.0.1:8001 –i “D:program filesBEA systemsTUXEDOudataobjtuxwsvr.ini”
2）启动wlisten
$ wlisten
有关参数根据 $TUXDIR/udataobj/webgui/webgui.ini
3）启动浏览器
http://127.0.0.1:8001/webguitop.html
第4节 TUXEDO 系统设计要点
4.1 业务逻辑代码与数据库逻辑代码分割
4.2 性能角度:
Ø 使每个请求队列尽可能短，减少请求Queue长度
Ø 减少各种连接的建立/断开次数
Ø 考虑BB的查找时间，利用率高的放在前面
Ø 如果请求报文很大或服务进程太多，避免使用MSSQ
Ø 加入全部使用MSSQ，不必设LDBAL＝Y
Ø 优化系统的核心参数和数据库操作的效率很关键
4.3 系统可扩展性：
Ø 通常服务进程不要太大，便于动态增展(5-15M之间)
Ø 交易的时间不能太长(<60秒)
Ø 按业务的属性划分domain
Ø 控制一个domain的主机数量
Ø 减少domain内部的通讯瓶颈(增加bridge端口)
4.4 服务组件(service/object)的粒度
Ø 每个服务完成完整的功能，注意良好的命名规范
Ø 尽量按业务拆分成原子服务，分开独立源码，然后通过调用原子服务组合成复合业务逻辑。
Ø 服务的多态性可以通过CLOPT输入参数和运行环境ENVFILE来定义
4.5 service组合成server进程的考虑因素
Ø 访问相同RM（通常指数据库）的service
Ø 按业务类型分类
Ø 各个service的使用频度相当，使用频率特别高的单列
Ø 各个service的响应时间相当，响应时间特别久的单列
Ø 避免互相调用的service在同一个server中，容易造成死锁
Ø 最好把数据读操作和数据写操作分开
Ø 运行输出“-r –e ..”以server为单位
4.6 XA问题(全局事务)
Ø 不涉及全局事务的情况下不要使用TUXEDO的全局事务机制(通过XA来访问数据库)
Ø 采用何种事务类型:TP_COMMIT_CONTROL=LOGGED or COMPLETE
Ø I/O的效率:TLOG
Ø 事务超时控制
4.7 数据库连接
Ø 通常SERVER启动时与数据库连接，关闭时断开
Ø 对于不常用的SERVER可以在应用中自己控制与数据的连接，以减少数据库的连接数，但同时也带来了服务响应的额外开销
4.8 Client设计
Ø 尽量做成Thin Client
Ø 注意tpfree,tpterm的频度
Ø 不要同时开始多个交易
Ø 通讯方式的选择（request/reponse or conversation）
Ø 将大量数据的查询（容易超时失败）分割成多次调用。
Ø 避免在client直接发起数据库调用，尤其在广域网中。
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